Brinsworth
Brinsworth can claim to have a longer documented history than most Rotherham parishes.
The Roman fort at Templeborough, initially constructed from earth and wood c50AD, was rebuilt in stone around 100AD. The civilian settlement that sprung up outside the walls to service the legionaries' needs can claim to have been the forerunner of modern Brinsworth.
There is also a strong local tradition, but no physical evidence, that the great battle of Brunanburgh, fought in 937AD between King Athelstan and a combined Viking and Scottish army, took place in or near Brinsworth.
On the evidence of Domesday Book, Brinsworth had been completely devastated during William the Conqueror's Harrying of the North in 1068-9. There were two estates at Brinsworth in 1086. Roger de Busli held the lands that had been held by the Saxon lord Godric while William de Percy held the larger estate that had belonged to Northmann. The Commissioners returned both estates, where there had been land for 4½ plough teams, as "waste" and valueless.
The most important inhabitant of Brinsworth in the late 14th century was the lawyer, John Guneys. In the 1379 Poll Tax, Guneys and his wife, Alice, were assessed at 6s 8d. The next highest tax payer was Robert Brake, the village blacksmith, who paid 6d. Altogether 58 inhabitants paid the poll tax.
The boundary of Brinsworth originally extended north of the River Don as far as the Holmes Tail Goit, including the area of Masbrough known as New York. The hamlet of Ickles Hall was used as a dower house by the Reresbys and their successors. The original timber-framed house was rebuilt by Thomas Reresby in 1587, probably using stone from the ruins at Templeborough, and enlarged in 1610 by Sir George Reresby who lived there for a time. The house, with the surrounding land, was acquired by United Steel Cos. Ltd and was demolished in 1939.
Brinsworth was part of the extensive ecclesiastical parish of Rotherham and therefore did not have its own church. The village stood away from the main road from Sheffield, through Rotherham, to Doncaster, turnpiked in 1756, and the Bawtry Tinsley road, turnpiked in 1760. The population was 183 in 1801 and by 1851 had risen only slightly to 266. The next decade saw the population jump to 777. Most of this increase was in the New York area. In 1879 the boundary between Brinsworth and Rotherham was altered, transferring New York, Templeborough and Ickles to Rotherham. The 700 acres of Tinsley territory within Brinsworth was transferred to Brinsworth in 1912.
Coal Mining
The first exploitation of the extensive reserves of coal beneath Brinsworth took place from outside the parish. The Fullertons leased the coal beneath their lands to the Rotherham, Masbrough and Holmes Colliery Co. who sank a colliery at Holmes, north of the Don. This pit was not a success and had closed by 1881. The coal was then leased by the Fullertons to the Sheffield steel makers, John Brown and Co. who, in 1890, sank a new pit on the west bank of the Rotherham Main Colliery; the pit became a major local employer. The Midland Railway Company established a locomotive depot at Canklow to deal with the coal from Rotherham Main and other local pits.
Railway
The railway through Brinsworth had been opened by the North Midland Railway in 1841 as part of its main line from Derby to Leeds. Streets of houses were erected by the colliery company and the railway to accommodate their workers. These developments resulted in a population increase to 1,332 in 1881 and 1,656 in 1891.
Parish Church
With the rise in population came a need for a church to serve the village. A small mission church, St Andrew's, was opened in 1886. By 1898 the need for a larger place of worship was being felt in the Canklow area. A new church, St George's, was erected on land given by John Brown and Co, and opened in 1900. In 1903 it became the parish church of the new parish of Brinsworth which included Orgreave and Catcliffe. When St George's was declared redundant in 1974, St Andrew's took over as the parish church.
Education
John Brown and Co were also instrumental in providing the first school in the township. Brinsworth had been incorporated in the area of the Rotherham School Board in 1875, against the wishes of many of the inhabitants, but the board had done nothing to provide a school for the village, expecting the children to attend the school at Catcliffe. In 1894 John Brown and Co, provided a school near the colliery for 140 children of their employees. From 1894, the newly formed parish pouncil were in the forefront of the movement to get a proper school for the village. In 1901 a temporary board school was opened in Atlas Street, using a corrugated iron building that had formerly served as a temporary school in Middle Lane, Rotherham. This served until the permanent school buildings in Brinsworth Lane (now Brinsworth Manor School) were opened in 1907.
Development of the Township
In 1912 the detached 700 acres portion of Tinsley officially became part of Brinsworth township. In 1936, however, the boundary of Rotherham County Borough was extended south to Bawtry Road and civil parish of Brinsworth was reduced to 711 acres. As a result the population of the civil parish fell from 2500 to 1900. The post-war years saw the development of Brinsworth from a semi-rural community to an urban area serving Rotherham and Sheffield. The population rose steadily as the result of house building within the parish, reaching 5,300 in 1961 and 9,664 in 1981, before a slight fall to 9,319 in 1991.
(Extracted from:- R.M.B.C, Patchwork of parishes, 1997)